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SOMMAIRE Avenir de la pêche dans le monde (CMQC) C'était la deuxième fois que cet événement scientifique prestigieux se tenait à Québec, mais rare sont ceux qui se souviendront des 17 communications présentées en 1924. On en était donc à la 133e Réunion annuelle de l'American Fisheries Society. Et en 2003, il y avait quelque 1200 communications au programme. Plus de 2000 participants du monde entier - plutôt que les 1600 attendus - étaient présents, entre le 10 et le 14 août, pour approfondir le thème général: « Déclin universel des populations de poissons sauvages ». Nous souhaitions rendre compte à nos lecteurs d'un thème en particulier: « La mondialisation et de son impact sur la pêche » (Globalization: Effets on fisheries resources) ; ce, à partir de trois conférenciers bien choisis, mais l'impossibilité de récupérer leurs textes nous laisse à ce jour que les résumés de ceux-ci:
Abstract Text: Globalization has changed the fisheries sector environmentally, socially and economically over the last 25 years, and depending on the sector or scale, some of these changes have been positive while others have been negative. Three major changes: an increase in export driven fisheries, vertical integration of fishing companies and increasing foreign exchange associated with globalization can account for most of the impacts identified by the Sea Around Us Study. These changes have ultimately led to habitat destruction and declining biodiversity through overexploitation, the need to recover the costs of meeting import requirements and the expansion of aquaculture. Changes in business structures and tariffs have seen increasing profitability of companies, changes in employment and a loss of stewardship and access rights for many communities. In some developing countries these changes have threatened the food security of coastal populations, increasing the pressure on already stressed coastal resources. Under the current World Trade Organization agreements industry analysts suggest a further concentration of companies in the fisheries sector and a further strengthening of the migration of marine commodities from the "South" to the "North". The WTO and its members are facing the issue of the environment and trade, the decisions taken will no doubt impact on the future sustainability of fisheries and the communities that rely on this sector.
Abstract Text: Globalization of fisheries has exerted significant impact, not only on North American fisheries, but also on the institutions established for fisheries management. Using invasive species and over-harvest in the Laurentian Great Lakes as case studies, we will document the historical effect of globalization on the most valuable fresh water fisheries in the world. The commensurate evolution and increasing complexity of the fishery management institutions will be described. Lessons learned from the management of this multi-state, provincial, tribal, and bi-national fishery, in response to globalization will be offered.
Abstract Text: Sustainability is one of the most pervasive and significant concepts surrounding modern fisheries management. Over the centuries, humans have directly and indirectly affected fish ecosystems through overharvesting and habitat reduction, with most of our impacts resulting in a collapse of many wild fish stocks and fishing-dependent communities. The concept of sustainability seeks to reverse this trend by highlighting the importance of conserving habitat, reducing overfishing, and developing realistic social expectations for fishery production. During the last decades the push towards globalization is bringing in a new dimension in which fishery managers must operate. Managers must now consider local-level variables in response to global trends which have changed the biological, economic and social constructs of the environment. As such, multiple stakeholders must now be considered, many of which are not residents of the communities that will be impacted by globalization of the resource. Effective integration of these systems in a global context will increase the likelihood for the sustainability of the fishery ecosystem. ***** Pour 2004, rendez-vous a été donné à Madison, la capitale du Wisconsin, du 22 au 26 août 2004, pour le AFS 134th Annual Meeting. Pour sa part, l'Association Zone Côtière Canada (Coastal Zone Canada Association) tiendra une conférence à St-Jean de Terre-Neuve, du 27 au 30 juin 2004, sous le thème « Co-operation in Sustainable Coastal and Ocean Management ». Le site Internet de l'AFS est: www.fisheries.org |
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Commerce Monde #37 |